{"id":28415,"date":"2020-12-10T14:10:16","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T14:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/noticias\/7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them\/"},"modified":"2021-04-01T12:37:29","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T12:37:29","slug":"7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them","status":"publish","type":"noticia","link":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/noticias\/7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them\/","title":"7 human rights milestones in Brazil (and 7 documentaries to help understand them)","content":"<div class=\"tts_content_wrapper_1\" ><p>Approved on December 10, 1948, by the recently-created United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represents the recognition that basic rights and fundamental freedoms are inherent to all human beings.<\/p>\n<p>Formulated in the post-World War II period, the most translated document in the world \u2013 which turns 72 this year \u2013 was born from the desire to prevent the horrors of authoritarian regimes from being repeated, and it inspired the constitutions of several countries including the Brazilian Constitution of 1988.<\/p>\n<p>In Brazil, the declaration guided the struggle for freedom during the military dictatorship and it was the basis for the rights breakthroughs of the indigenous, black and LGBTQ+ movements.<\/p>\n<p>Based on this premise, Conectas has listed 7 major human rights milestones in Brazil:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ecumenical Service in tribute to Vladimir Herzog<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-24063 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/vladimir-herzog-1024x695.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"695\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On October 25, 1975, the journalist Vladimir Herzog, then director of journalism at the television channel TV Cultura, reported to DOI-Codi (Center for Internal Defense Operations) in S\u00e3o Paulo to give a statement. He would not leave there alive. Few believed the official story that he had committed suicide by hanging himself. Five days later, the Cardinal Dom Paulo Evaristo Arns, the Rabbi Henry Sobel and the Pastor Jayme Wright held an ecumenical service for some 8,000 people at Pra\u00e7a da S\u00e9, in central S\u00e3o Paulo. The event went down in history as the first major popular demonstration against human rights violations committed by the military dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p>The documentary \u201cVlado: 30 Anos Depois\u201d (Vlado: 30 years later) tells the journalist\u2019s story, from his escape from Yugoslavia with his family of Jewish origin to his persecution under the military regime in Brazil. It is a grim portrait of the cruelty inflicted by the State at the time.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pB8XCSwyOeU\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Constitution of 1988, the \u201cCitizen\u2019s Constitution\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-24067 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/aprovacao-constituicao-1988.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"399\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The military regime in Brazil ended in 1985, but the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988 was a major milestone in the transition to democracy. Called the \u201cCitizen\u2019s Constitution\u201d by Congressman Ulysses Guimar\u00e3es, who was president of the National Constituent Assembly, the document is the first in Brazilian history to establish the guarantee of human rights as a duty of the State.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Constitution, despite its shortcomings, guarantees us an environment of freedom, plurality and tolerance,\u201d said Juana Kweitel, executive director of Conectas.<\/p>\n<p>Divided into three parts, the documentary \u201cSenhor Deputado Ulysses Guimar\u00e3es\u201d (Mr. Congressman Ulysses Guimar\u00e3es) looks at the challenges of opposing the military dictatorship, the <em>Diretas J\u00e1 <\/em>(Rights Now) campaign and the process of creating the Constitution of 1988.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X4SvPryt3Ys\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advances in the rights of indigenous peoples<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24069\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/indigenas-congresso-constituinte.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"399\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cI hope my demonstration does not offend the etiquette of this House, but I believe that you must not overlook this aggression caused by economic power, by greed and by ignorance of what it means to be an indigenous person,\u201d said the indigenous leader Ailton Krenak in 1987, at the National Constituent Assembly, while painting his face with black ink made from genipap fruit.<\/p>\n<p>As a result of the protest and pressure from other leaders, a chapter on indigenous rights was included in the new Constitution \u2013 something unprecedented at the time. While the Indian Statute of 1973 provided for the \u201cintegration\u201d of the native populations with the rest of society, the Constitution of 1988 guaranteed the protection of their way of life, leading to victories such as land demarcation.<\/p>\n<p>The indigenous struggle has been ongoing for over 500 years. But it has intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic. The documentary series \u201cMarac\u00e1\u201d, created by APIB (Association of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil), looks back on the movement\u2019s achievements and makes an appeal to expand its support network.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WDUFq-UcW6c\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advances in the rights of people living with HIV\/AIDS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24068\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/herbert_daniel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"737\" height=\"351\" \/><\/p>\n<p>For activist Herbert Daniel, HIV is not just a biological virus, but also an ideological one. Given that the highest levels of transmission are among vulnerable populations, such as the LGBTQ community, HIV (and the disease it causes: AIDS) transcends medicine and causes profound social stigmas, making it difficult to respond to the epidemic \u2013 which has persisted for almost 40 years. It is what Daniel calls the \u201cprejudice syndrome\u201d. During the 1990s and 2000s, with the support of activists and non-governmental organizations, Brazil set an example on the world stage by providing universal free access to antiretroviral treatment through the country\u2019s public health system.<\/p>\n<p>While not restricted to gay men, bisexuals and trans women, the history of AIDS in Brazil is mixed with the history of the struggle for LGBTQ+ rights. Using interviews and historical reports, the documentary \u201cCarta Para Al\u00e9m dos Muros\u201d (Letter Beyond the Walls) draws important reflections on the stigmas that still surround the disease.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qL9tE2FIny0\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>National Truth Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24064\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/2000003_e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Set up in 2012 during the government of Dilma Rousseff and concluded in 2014, the goal of the National Truth Commission was to \u201cenable the detailed clarification of the cases of torture, death, forced disappearance, concealment of bodies and who was responsible, even when they occurred abroad\u201d \u2013 as the law that established the commission states. The final report, the most important document on human rights violations committed during the dictatorship, concluded that 434 people were killed or disappeared, victims of State violence, between 1946 and 1988.<\/p>\n<p>Selected for the 37th S\u00e3o Paulo International Film Festival, the documentary \u201cVerdade 12.528\u201d (Truth 12,528) presents the testimonies of former political prisoners and addresses the importance of the Truth Commission for Brazil.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tqVEYtOEkI4\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advances in the rights of the black population<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24065\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/39184042060_50e3f44acb_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Brazil was the last Western country to abolish slavery. More than a hundred years later, deep scars from the period are still visible in society. The law that criminalizes racism, in 1989; the institution of National Black Awareness Day, in 2011; the Racial Quotas Law, of 2012, which increased access for the black population to universities; and the recent creation of financial quotas for black and mixed-race candidates in the 2020 elections are some of the historical reparation measures achieved through the struggles of the black movement.<\/p>\n<p>In \u201cAmarElo: \u00c9 Tudo Para Ontem\u201d (AmarElo: It\u2019s All For Yesterday), on Netflix, the rapper Emicida tells the behind-the-scenes story of his show at the Municipal Theater in S\u00e3o Paulo, while at the same time reconstructing the history of the Brazilian black movement, through figures like L\u00e9lia Gonzales and Abdias do Nascimento.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FQ9hCN0ZYSg\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Advances in the rights of the LGBTQI+ population<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-24066\" src=\"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/50082449202_1c321f48a4_c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"799\" height=\"533\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Not until 2020 were gay men and trans people permitted to donate blood in Brazil. It is just one example of the prejudice officially displayed by the Brazilian State, but that has been gradually increasing. In recent years, in the country that most kills trans women and transvestites in the world, LGBTQ+ activism has secured some important rights, such as Supreme Court recognition of the crimes of homophobia and transphobia, in 2019; the assurance of the right of trans people to use their chosen social name, in 2018; and the right to same-sex marriage, in 2011.<\/p>\n<p>Although it addresses the situation in the United States, the Netflix documentary \u201cDisclosure\u201d gives a compelling explanation of how the culture industry has helped marginalize the trans population, by reinforcing stereotypes and erasing their contributions to society, and in doing so influencing the whole world.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JebTIMf-vXk\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"tts__custom-position_bottom_fixed\" ><\/div>","excerpt":"<p>This Thursday, December 10, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights turns 72 years old; Conectas lists important moments in the country\u2019s history&#8230;<\/p>\n","author":2,"featured_media":28213,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[1285,113,3138,12410],"tema":[12277],"class_list":["post-28415","noticia","type-noticia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-constitution","tag-human-rights-day","tag-universal-declaration-of-human-rights","tag-vladimir-herzog-en","tema-institutional"],"acf":{"author":false,"subtitle-pt":"This Thursday, December 10, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights turns 72 years old; Conectas lists important moments in the country\u2019s history that were influenced by this document"},"yoast":{"focuskw":"","title":"","metadesc":"","linkdex":"","metakeywords":"","meta-robots-noindex":"","meta-robots-nofollow":"","meta-robots-adv":"","canonical":"","redirect":"","opengraph-title":"","opengraph-description":"","opengraph-image":"","twitter-title":"","twitter-description":"","twitter-image":""},"featured_image":{"original":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2.jpg","thumbnail":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-150x150.jpg","medium":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-966x644.jpg","medium_large":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-768x432.jpg","large":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-1024x576.jpg","1536x1536":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-1536x864.jpg","2048x2048":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2.jpg","post_slider_img":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-350x197.jpg","storyform_xlarge":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-1366x768.jpg","storyform_xxlarge":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-1920x1080.jpg","storyform_xxxlarge":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2.jpg","noticia":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/semanadh_letreiro-2-1140x760.jpg"},"terms":{"acoes_categorias":[],"acoes_tags":[],"category":[{"term_id":7,"name":"News","slug":"news","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":7,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":1520,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/category\/news\/","relative_link":"category\/news\/","langs":{"en":"news","br":"noticia-conectas"}}],"post_tag":[{"term_id":1285,"name":"Constitution","slug":"constitution","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1285,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":5,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/tag\/constitution\/","relative_link":"tag\/constitution\/","langs":{"en":"constitution","br":null}},{"term_id":113,"name":"human rights day","slug":"human-rights-day","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":113,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":6,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/tag\/human-rights-day\/","relative_link":"tag\/human-rights-day\/","langs":{"en":"human-rights-day","br":"dia-internacional-dos-direitos-humanos"}},{"term_id":3138,"name":"Universal declaration of human rights","slug":"universal-declaration-of-human-rights","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":3138,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":5,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/tag\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\/","relative_link":"tag\/universal-declaration-of-human-rights\/","langs":{"en":"universal-declaration-of-human-rights","br":null}},{"term_id":12410,"name":"vladimir herzog","slug":"vladimir-herzog-en","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":12410,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw","term_order":"0","permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/tag\/vladimir-herzog-en\/","relative_link":"tag\/vladimir-herzog-en\/","langs":{"en":"vladimir-herzog-en","br":null}}]},"author_name":"Leonardo Medeiros","author_nicename":"leonardo-medeiros","protected":false,"langs":{"en":"7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them","br":"7-marcos-dos-direitos-humanos-no-brasil-e-7-documentarios-que-ajudam-a-entende-los"},"permalink":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/noticias\/7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them\/","relative_url":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/noticias\/7-human-rights-milestones-in-brazil-and-7-documentaries-to-help-understand-them\/","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/noticias\/28415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/noticias"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/noticia"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28415"},{"taxonomy":"tema","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tema?post=28415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}