{"id":28357,"date":"2020-10-22T14:35:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T14:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/noticias\/in-historic-judgment-supreme-court-could-define-the-course-of-indigenous-land-demarcation-in-brazil\/"},"modified":"2021-04-01T12:57:48","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T12:57:48","slug":"in-historic-judgment-supreme-court-could-define-the-course-of-indigenous-land-demarcation-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"noticia","link":"https:\/\/conectas.org\/en\/noticias\/in-historic-judgment-supreme-court-could-define-the-course-of-indigenous-land-demarcation-in-brazil\/","title":"In historic judgment, Supreme Court could define the course of indigenous land demarcation in Brazil","content":"

The Supreme Court is scheduled, on Wednesday, October 28, to begin its judgment of a case that will define the course of the demarcation of Indigenous Lands in Brazil.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The court\u2019s justices will discuss whether to recognize or reject the most fundamental right of indigenous peoples: the right to land.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are two issues under dispute: on the one hand, the so-called \u201cindigenato\u201d theory, which recognizes the land title of indigenous peoples as \u201coriginal\u201d, according to the terms of the Brazilian Constitution; on the other hand, a proposal exists to restrict the rights of these peoples to their lands by reinterpreting the Constitution based on the so-called \u201cmarco temporal\u201d thesis.<\/span> According to this interpretation, defended by the rural lobby, indigenous peoples would only be entitled to land demarcation if they had ownership of the land on October 5, 1988 \u2013 the date of the promulgation of the Constitution \u2013 or if on this date their ownership was under physical or legal dispute<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Understand the case<\/b><\/p>\n

A land repossession case (Special Appeal 1,017,365) is pending in the Supreme Court, filed by the Santa Catarina State Environment Foundation (Farma) against the National Indian Foundation (Funai) and the indigenous peoples of the Xokleng tribe, involving the Ibirama-Laklan\u00f5 Indigenous Lands, an area claimed and already identified as part of their traditional territory, and also inhabited by Guarani and Kaingang populations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Appeal had a \u201cgeneral repercussion\u201d recognized by the Supreme Court in 2019. This means that whatever is decided in this case will serve as a precedent for all cases involving the demarcation of indigenous lands at all levels of the Judiciary.<\/b><\/p>\n

What is at stake?<\/b><\/p>\n

As\u00a0 a result of this, the Supreme Court will impact the future of hundreds of indigenous populations, since the application of the \u201cmarco temporal\u201d thesis could further hinder land demarcations, which are essential to the survival of these peoples, to the pacification of historic territorial conflicts and to the curbing of violence resulting from intrusions and illegal activities, such as land grabbing, mining and logging.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The existence of isolated indigenous peoples will also come under even greater threat if the Court votes for the \u201cmarco temporal\u201d thesis. This is because, due to their nomadic way of life and their aversity to contact with the outside world, it is impossible to prove the presence of these groups on October 5, 1988 on the lands they currently inhabit, or that they were formally claiming the recognition of their territories. To date, the Brazilian State has been unable to confirm exactly how many indigenous groups there are and where these especially vulnerable communities are located.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the assessment of indigenists, lawyers, indigenous leaders and the Federal Prosecutor\u2019s Office, the \u201cmarco temporal\u201d is a perverse thesis, as it legalizes and legitimizes the violence to which indigenous peoples were subjected until the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988, especially during the military dictatorship.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis position also ignores the fact that until 1988 indigenous peoples were under the protection of the State and did not have the autonomy to fight, legally, for their rights. This is why the slogan for the indigenous advocacy campaign to overturn the \u2018marco temporal\u2019 thesis is: Our history did not begin in 1988,\u201d explained Rafael Modesto, a lawyer at the Indigenous Missionary Council (Cimi).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The judgment was scheduled by the president of the Supreme Court, Justice Luiz Fux, and will be conducted by teleconference, due to the novel coronavirus pandemic. The parties will have 15 minutes to speak and the amici curiae – friends of the court – will have a total of 30 minutes to make an oral statement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Details:<\/b><\/p>\n

What?<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Judgment of the special appeal with \u201cgeneral repercussion\u201d of the Xokleng people<\/span>
\n<\/span>When?<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Scheduled for October 28 \u2013 at 2 pm (Bras\u00edlia time)<\/span>
\n<\/span>Where can I watch the judgment?<\/span><\/i>\u00a0TV Justi\u00e7a television channel and networks of @apiboficial<\/span>
\n<\/span>Tweet-a-thon<\/span><\/i>:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>\u00a0October 22 \u2013 from 11 am to midday<\/span>
\n<\/span>Questions and answers<\/span><\/i>:\u00a0https:\/\/bit.ly\/2IUedyH<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span>
\n<\/span>A video of lawyers commenting on the case:\u00a0https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mbeOu7\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Keep track on the social networks<\/b>\u00a0#VidaseTerrasInd\u00edgenasImportam #MarcoTemporalN\u00e3o #NossaHistoriaNaoComecaEm1988<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/div>","excerpt":"

Scheduled for Wednesday, October 28, the case is considered one of the most important for native peoples since the Constitution of 1988<\/p>\n","author":2,"featured_media":28120,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[7],"tags":[1285,383,11771,12628,194],"tema":[12279],"class_list":["post-28357","noticia","type-noticia","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-constitution","tag-demarcation-of-indigenous-lands","tag-indigenous-lands","tag-marco-temporal-en","tag-supreme-court","tema-socioenvironmental-rights"],"acf":{"subtitle-pt":"Scheduled for Wednesday, October 28, the case is considered one of the most important for native peoples since the Constitution of 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